Competitor backlink analysis is the process of reviewing the backlink profiles of sites currently outranking you for your target keywords, to understand the sources, authority, and relevance of the links contributing to their rankings.
This isn't about copying every link a competitor has — some links are earned through relationships, timing, or content you can't directly replicate, and plenty of competitor backlink profiles include weak or irrelevant links too. The value is in identifying real, achievable patterns and gaps: publications that link to multiple competitors but not you, content types that consistently earn links in your space, and link sources genuinely worth pursuing.